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Lex Fridman Podcast

Conversations that explore technology, history, philosophy, physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, engineering, AI, robotics, programming, music, film, art, sports, psychology, neuroscience, geopolitics, business, economics, religion, astronomy, and the human condition with people from all walks of life.

Lex Fridman

DHH is the creator of Ruby on Rails, Omarchy Linux, CTO of 37signals, and a racecar driver.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep501-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/dhh-2-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
DHH’s X: https://x.com/dhh
DHH’s Blog: https://world.hey.com/dhh
Omarchy: https://omarchy.org
Ruby on Rails: https://rubyonrails.org
37signals: https://37signals.com
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.
Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex
Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.
Go to https://blitzy.com/lex
NetSuite: Business management software.
Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.
Go to https://plaud.ai/lex
Higgsfield AI: AI-based video generation, filmmaking, and creative studio.
Go to https://higgsfield.ai
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:56) – Programming with AI agents
(24:14) – How software will change
(33:30) – AI impact on open source
(43:21) – Building Omarchy Linux distro
(53:05) – Vibe coding vs agentic engineering
(1:06:06) – The end of manual programming
(1:16:24) – Advice for programmers
(1:28:31) – Surviving Internet Hate
(1:37:46) – Programming setup for AI Agents
(1:50:11) – Obsessing about speed
(2:13:06) – Voice prompting vs typing
(2:27:05) – Best AI coding models
(2:43:55) – Best AI coding harnesses
(2:56:57) – AI video generation and filmmaking
(3:16:28) – Fatherhood
(3:44:35) – Linux will win the desktop
(3:55:51) – PewDiePie
(4:05:25) – Future of programming
(4:28:18) – Politics and immigration
(4:59:55) – Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death
(5:11:38) – Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

#501 – DHH: Future of Programming, AI, Agentic Engineering, Vibe Coding & Linux

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Gary’s UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher
Gary’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher
The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel
The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED
Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5
Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X
The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU
The Great Courses – The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.
Go to https://upwork.com/lex
NetSuite: Business management software.
Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.
Go to https://plaud.ai/lex
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:36) – What caused the Civil War?
(18:33) – Slavery
(46:07) – Lincoln
(1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee
(1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided?
(1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history
(1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won
(1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War
(2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents
(2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee
(2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War
(3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee
(3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments
(3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US

#499 – Gary Gallagher: American Civil War, Slavery, Lincoln, Grant & Lee

Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc
See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Don’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/
Don’s Website: https://drdonlincoln.com/
Don’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF
Don’s YouTube Playlist: https://bit.ly/3PCIW67
Don’s X: https://x.com/DrDonLincoln
Don’s Books: https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ
Don’s Great Courses: https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln
Don’s Audible: https://adbl.co/4wGioRV
Fermilab’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/fermilab
Fermilab’s Website: https://www.fnal.gov/
Fermilab’s X: https://x.com/fermilab
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.
Go to https://upwork.com/lex
Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
Go to https://larridin.com
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:52) – Unifying the laws of nature
(23:23) – Einstein, special relativity, and general relativity
(40:31) – Electroweak force
(52:13) – How particle colliders work
(1:10:16) – Higgs boson discovery
(1:20:35) – Theory of everything
(1:50:20) – Physics of empty space
(1:57:45) – Antimatter
(2:18:35) – Dark energy
(2:22:23) – Dark matter
(2:50:59) – Future of physics
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln

Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
FFmpeg on X: https://x.com/FFmpeg
FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/
VideoLAN (VLC): https://www.videolan.org/
VideoLAN on X: https://x.com/videolan
Jean-Baptiste’s Website: https://jbkempf.com/
Jean-Baptiste’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/
Jean-Baptiste’s GitHub: https://github.com/jbkempf
Kieran’s X: https://x.com/kierank_
Kieran’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3OORhmC
Kieran’s GitHub: https://github.com/kierank
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
Go to https://larridin.com
Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.
Go to https://blitzy.com/lex
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens
(15:12) – How video playback works
(24:33) – Video codecs and containers
(35:20) – FFmpeg explained
(56:20) – Linus Torvalds
(1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free
(1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama
(1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers
(1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg
(1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg
(1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs
(2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing
(2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten)
(2:30:39) – Rust programming language
(2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork
(2:48:17) – Open source burnout
(2:56:04) – x264 and internet video
(3:09:20) – Video compression basics
(3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC
(3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming
(3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents
(3:54:12) – VLC backdoors
(4:04:27) – Video archiving
(4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLC

#496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet

Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Lars’s Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/
The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120
Lars’s Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw
12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/
Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
Go to https://larridin.com
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(01:03) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:57) – The start of the Viking Age
(18:50) – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology
(32:33) – Ragnar Lothbrok
(42:00) – The Great Heathen Army
(46:42) – Rollo and Normandy
(56:54) – Viking religion and Valhalla
(1:07:25) – Viking explorers
(1:12:33) – Vikings in North America
(1:25:55) – Vikings in the East
(1:45:33) – Byzantine Empire
(1:54:17) – History and human nature
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#495 – Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age

Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author of a new book titled Junglekeeper, and is someone who has dedicated his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep489-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-3-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Junglekeeper (new book): https://amzn.to/4q7vpAp
Paul’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie
Junglekeepers Website: https://junglekeepers.org
Paul’s Website: https://paulrosolie.com
Mother of God (book): https://amzn.to/3ww2ob1
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://perplexity.ai/
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform.
Go to https://miro.com/
MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts.
Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(02:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(12:00) – Uncontacted tribes in the Amazon Jungle
(19:46) – Intense new encounter
(42:52) – Never-before-seen footage of tribe warriors
(56:08) – The mysteries of the jungle
(1:10:43) – Tribe’s diet: Monkeys, turtles, and turtle eggs
(1:20:19) – Jane Goodall
(1:26:31) – Advice for young people
(1:35:45) – Cartel, Narco-traffickers & assassination attempts
(1:57:45) – Climbing the giant tree
(2:08:43) – Giant anaconda
(2:26:01) – Rescuing a spider monkey
(2:32:05) – Dangerous animal encounters
(2:42:13) – Writing, journaling, and great writer inspirations
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#489 – Paul Rosolie: Uncontacted Tribes in the Amazon Jungle

David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the world’s first commercial fusion power plant by 2028.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
David’s X: https://x.com/dekirtley
David’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp
Helion: https://www.helionenergy.com/
Helion’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics.
Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform.
Go to https://miro.com/
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(11:35) – Nuclear fission vs fusion
(21:35) – Physics of E=mc^2
(26:50) – Is nuclear fusion safe?
(32:11) – Chernobyl
(38:38) – Geopolitics
(40:33) – Extreme scenarios
(47:28) – How nuclear fusion works
(1:20:20) – Extreme temperatures
(1:25:21) – Fusion control and simulation
(1:37:15) – Electricity from fusion
(2:11:20) – First fusion power plant in 2028
(2:18:13) – Energy needs of GPU clusters
(2:28:38) – Kardashev scale
(2:36:33) – Fermi Paradox
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#485 – David Kirtley: Nuclear Fusion, Plasma Physics, and the Future of Energy

Dan Houser is co-founder of Rockstar Games and is a legendary creative mind behind Grand Theft Auto (GTA) and Red Dead Redemption series of video games.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep484-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/dan-houser-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Absurd Adventures: https://absurdventures.com
A Better Paradise: https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0FCYSK8VD
American Caper: https://absurdventures.com/americancaper
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Box: Intelligent content management platform.
Go to https://box.com/ai
UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics.
Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex
CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews.
Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex
Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform.
Go to https://miro.com/
Lindy: No-code AI agent builder.
Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(11:32) – Greatest films of all time
(23:45) – Making video games
(26:36) – GTA 3
(29:55) – Open world video games
(32:42) – Character creation
(36:09) – Superintelligent AI in A Better Paradise
(45:21) – Can LLMs write video games?
(49:41) – Creating GTA 4 and GTA 5
(1:01:16) – Hard work and Rockstar’s culture of excellence
(1:04:56) – GTA 6
(1:21:46) – Red Dead Redemption 2
(2:01:39) – DLCs for GTA and Red Dead Redemption
(2:07:58) – Leaving Rockstar Games
(2:17:22) – Greatest game of all time
(2:22:10) – Life lessons from father
(2:24:29) – Mortality
(2:41:47) – Advice for young people
(2:47:49) – Future of video games
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#484 – Dan Houser: GTA, Red Dead Redemption, Rockstar, Absurd & Future of Gaming

Julia Shaw is a criminal psychologist and author who in her books explores human nature, including psychopathy, violent crime, the psychology of evil, police interrogation, false memory manipulation, deception detection, and human sexuality.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep483-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/julia-shaw-transcript
CONTACT LEX:
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact
EPISODE LINKS:
Julia’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/drjuliashaw
Julia’s Website: https://www.drjuliashaw.com/
Julia’s Linktree: https://linktr.ee/drjuliashaw
Julia’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drjuliashaw/
Julia’s Books: https://amzn.to/4mQBnTV
Green Crime (US Book): https://amzn.to/4nLfSVE
Green Crime (Canadian Book): https://amzn.to/47lBAdc
SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink.
Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex
OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(01:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:16) – Dark Tetrad – Psychopathy, Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Sadism
(29:23) – Serial killers
(43:59) – Murder
(51:51) – Lies and scams
(56:38) – Jealousy
(1:00:07) – Monogamy
(1:05:20) – Sexuality
(1:20:21) – Sexual fetishes
(1:35:56) – Criminal psychology
(1:39:04) – False memories
(2:25:01) – Criminals destroying the planet
(2:40:24) – Hope
PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#483 – Julia Shaw: Criminal Psychology of Murder, Serial Killers, Memory & Sex

Pavel Durov is the founder and CEO of Telegram.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(02:46) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(11:29) – Philosophy of freedom
(14:37) – No alcohol
(22:42) – No phone
(28:38) – Discipline
(49:50) – Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics
(1:05:12) – Arrest in France
(1:21:23) – Romanian elections
(1:32:18) – Power and corruption
(1:41:50) – Intense education
(1:53:51) – Nikolai Durov
(1:58:19) – Programming and video games
(2:02:33) – VK origins & engineering
(2:19:46) – Hiring a great team
(2:29:02) – Telegram engineering & design
(2:48:04) – Encryption
(2:53:01) – Open source
(2:57:48) – Edward Snowden
(3:00:20) – Intelligence agencies
(3:01:32) – Iran and Russia government pressure
(3:04:41) – Apple
(3:11:38) – Poisoning
(3:43:53) – Money
(3:52:45) – TON
(4:02:35) – Bitcoin
(4:05:34) – Two chairs dilemma
(4:12:14) – Children
(4:23:24) – Father
(4:27:55) – Quantum immortality
(4:34:27) – Kafka
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#482 – Pavel Durov: Telegram, Freedom, Censorship, Money, Power & Human Nature

Norman Ohler is a historian and author of “Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich,” a book that investigates the role of psychoactive drugs, particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine, in the military history of World War II. It is a book that two legendary historians Ian Kershaw and Antony Beevor give very high praise for its depth of research. Norman also wrote “Tripped: Nazi Germany, the CIA, and the Dawn of the Psychedelic Age”, and he is working on a new book “Stoned Sapiens” looking at the history of human civilization through the lens of drugs.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(01:09) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(09:00) – Drugs in post-WWI Germany
(19:18) – Nazi rise to power
(23:45) – Hitler’s drug use
(29:37) – Response to historian criticism
(46:16) – Pervitin
(1:00:15) – Blitzkrieg and meth
(1:18:52) – Erwin Rommel (Crystal Fox)
(1:23:02) – Dunkirk
(1:31:06) – Hitler’s drug addiction
(1:47:03) – Methamphetamine
(1:48:57) – Invasion of Soviet Union
(2:07:54) – Cocaine
(2:16:49) – Hitler’s last days
(2:36:48) – German resistance against Nazis
(2:58:59) – Totalitarianism
(3:04:09) – Stoned Sapiens – Drugs in human history
(3:19:20) – Religion
(3:30:09) – LSD, CIA, and MKUltra
(3:55:39) – Writing on drugs
(4:08:40) – Berlin night clubs
(4:19:14) – Greatest book ever written

#481 – Norman Ohler: Hitler, Nazis, Drugs, WW2, Blitzkrieg, LSD, MKUltra & CIA

Dave Hone is a paleontologist, expert on dinosaurs, co-host of the Terrible Lizards podcast, and author of numerous scientific papers and books on the behavior and ecology of dinosaurs. He lectures at Queen Mary University of London on topics of Ecology, Zoology, Biology, and Evolution.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:22) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(07:18) – T-Rex’s size & biomechanics
(31:00) – T-Rex’s hunting strategies
(44:07) – History of dinosaurs on Earth
(1:04:38) – $31.8 million T-Rex fossil
(1:17:44) – T-Rex’s skull and bone-crushing bite force
(1:36:33) – What Jurassic Park got wrong
(1:54:52) – Evolution and sexual selection
(2:15:26) – Spinosaurus
(2:26:02) – What Jurassic Park got right
(2:33:35) – T-Rex’s intelligence
(2:43:34) – Cannibalism among T-Rex
(2:49:05) – Extinction of the dinosaurs
(3:06:15) – Dragons
(3:22:39) – Birds are dinosaurs
(3:33:23) – Future of paleontology
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#480 – Dave Hone: T-Rex, Dinosaurs, Extinction, Evolution, and Jurassic Park

Scott Horton is the director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, co-host of Provoked, and for the past three decades a staunch critic of U.S. military interventionism.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:35) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(09:14) – From the Cold War to the War on Terror
(1:02:13) – Iraq War 1
(1:30:17) – Bin Laden
(2:29:39) – Afghanistan War
(2:44:35) – Iraq War 2
(3:10:59) – Military Industrial Complex
(3:50:25) – Scott’s life story
(4:20:15) – Iraq War 2 (continued)
(5:11:43) – Syria
(6:05:01) – Iraq War 3
(6:17:28) – Somalia
(6:22:56) – Iran
(7:12:41) – Israel-Palestine
(9:02:19) – Cold War 2.0
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#478 – Scott Horton: The Case Against War and the Military Industrial Complex

Keyu Jin is an economist specializing in China’s economy, international macroeconomics, global trade imbalances, and financial policy. She is the author of The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:35) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:26) – Misconceptions about China
(12:57) – Education in China
(22:14) – Economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping
(27:33) – Mayor economy and GDP growth race
(41:20) – Growing up in China
(46:58) – First time in the US
(51:12) – China’s government vs business sector
(54:46) – Communism and capitalism
(58:25) – Jack Ma
(1:04:37) – China’s view on innovation and copying ideas
(1:11:15) – DeepSeek moment
(1:15:09) – CHIPS Act
(1:16:56) – Tariffs and Trade
(1:29:21) – Immigration
(1:34:08) – Taiwan
(1:39:54) – One-child policy
(1:47:51) – China’s economy collapse predictions
(1:52:34) – Advice for visiting China
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#477 – Keyu Jin: China’s Economy, Tariffs, Trade, Trump, Communism & Capitalism

Jack Weatherford is an anthropologist and historian specializing in Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:44) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(10:44) – Origin story of Genghis Khan
(52:30) – Early battles & conquests
(1:05:11) – Power
(1:07:33) – Secret History
(1:20:58) – Mongolian steppe
(1:24:16) – Mounted archery and horse-riding
(1:32:36) – Genghis Khan’s army
(1:48:49) – Military tactics and strategy
(2:01:13) – Wars of conquest
(2:05:37) – Dan Carlin
(2:15:37) – Religious freedom
(2:31:24) – Trade and the Silk Road
(2:40:10) – Weapons innovation
(2:41:40) – Kublai Khan and conquering China
(3:23:31) – Fall of the Mongol Empire
(3:50:26) – Genetic legacy
(4:00:20) – Lessons from Genghis Khan
(4:10:36) – Human nature
(4:13:47) – Visiting Mongolia
(4:33:15) – Lex: Dan Carlin
(4:36:06) – Lex: Gaza
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#476 – Jack Weatherford: Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

Demis Hassabis is the CEO of Google DeepMind and Nobel Prize winner for his groundbreaking work in protein structure prediction using AI.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:40) – Learnable patterns in nature
(12:22) – Computation and P vs NP
(21:00) – Veo 3 and understanding reality
(25:24) – Video games
(37:26) – AlphaEvolve
(43:27) – AI research
(47:51) – Simulating a biological organism
(52:34) – Origin of life
(58:49) – Path to AGI
(1:09:35) – Scaling laws
(1:12:51) – Compute
(1:15:38) – Future of energy
(1:19:34) – Human nature
(1:24:28) – Google and the race to AGI
(1:42:27) – Competition and AI talent
(1:49:01) – Future of programming
(1:55:27) – John von Neumann
(2:04:41) – p(doom)
(2:09:24) – Humanity
(2:12:30) – Consciousness and quantum computation
(2:18:40) – David Foster Wallace
(2:25:54) – Education and research
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#475 – Demis Hassabis: Future of AI, Simulating Reality, Physics and Video Games

Debate on Iran war between Scott Horton and Mark Dubowitz. Scott Horton is the author and director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, and for the past three decades, a staunch critic of U.S. foreign policy and military interventionism. Mark Dubowitz is the chief executive of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, host of the Iran Breakdown podcast, and a leading expert on Iran and its nuclear program for over 20 years. This debate was recorded on Tuesday, June 24, after the Iran-Israel ceasefire was declared.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:36) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(08:02) – Iran-Israel War
(16:45) – Iran’s Nuclear Program
(48:37) – Nuclear weapons and uranium
(1:00:40) – Nuclear deal
(1:26:14) – Iran Nuclear Archive
(1:48:50) – Best case and worst case near-term future
(2:24:15) – US attack on Iran – Operation Midnight Hammer
(2:47:48) – Nuclear proliferation in the future
(3:08:46) – Libertarianism
(3:21:35) – Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD)
(3:37:10) – Trump and Peacemaking process
(3:42:08) – WW2
(3:55:08) – WW3

#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Terence Tao is widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history. He won the Fields Medal and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, and has contributed to a wide range of fields from fluid dynamics with Navier-Stokes equations to mathematical physics & quantum mechanics, prime numbers & analytics number theory, harmonic analysis, compressed sensing, random matrix theory, combinatorics, and progress on many of the hardest problems in the history of mathematics.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:36) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(09:49) – First hard problem
(15:16) – Navier–Stokes singularity
(35:25) – Game of life
(42:00) – Infinity
(47:07) – Math vs Physics
(53:26) – Nature of reality
(1:16:08) – Theory of everything
(1:22:09) – General relativity
(1:25:37) – Solving difficult problems
(1:29:00) – AI-assisted theorem proving
(1:41:50) – Lean programming language
(1:51:50) – DeepMind’s AlphaProof
(1:56:45) – Human mathematicians vs AI
(2:06:37) – AI winning the Fields Medal
(2:13:47) – Grigori Perelman
(2:26:29) – Twin Prime Conjecture
(2:43:04) – Collatz conjecture
(2:49:50) – P = NP
(2:52:43) – Fields Medal
(3:00:18) – Andrew Wiles and Fermat’s Last Theorem
(3:04:15) – Productivity
(3:06:54) – Advice for young people
(3:15:17) – The greatest mathematician of all time
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#472 – Terence Tao: Hardest Problems in Mathematics, Physics & the Future of AI

Sundar Pichai is CEO of Google and Alphabet.
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(07:55) – Growing up in India
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(20:07) – Impact of AI in human history
(32:17) – Veo 3 and future of video
(40:01) – Scaling laws
(43:46) – AGI and ASI
(50:11) – P(doom)
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(1:57:04) – Demo: Google Beam
(2:04:46) – Demo: Google XR Glasses
(2:07:31) – Biggest invention in human history
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#471 – Sundar Pichai: CEO of Google and Alphabet

James Holland is a historian specializing in World War II. He hosts a podcast called WW2 Pod: We Have Ways of Making You Talk.
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OUTLINE:
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(00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(07:25) – World War II
(17:23) – Lebensraum and Hitler ideology
(24:36) – Operation Barbarossa
(40:49) – Hitler vs Europe
(1:02:35) – Joseph Goebbels
(1:12:29) – Hitler before WW2
(1:17:25) – Hitler vs Chamberlain
(1:39:31) – Invasion of Poland
(1:44:07) – Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
(1:52:09) – Winston Churchill
(2:16:09) – Most powerful military in WW2
(2:38:31) – Tanks
(2:48:30) – Battle of Stalingrad
(3:01:21) – Concentration camps
(3:10:53) – Battle of Normandy
(3:24:45) – Lessons from WW2
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#470 – James Holland: World War II, Hitler, Churchill, Stalin & Biggest Battles

Oliver Anthony is singer-songwriter who first gained worldwide fame with his viral hit Rich Men North of Richmond. He became a voice for many who are voiceless, with many of his songs speaking to the struggle of the working class in modern American life.
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OUTLINE:
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(09:00) – Open mics
(13:03) – Mainstream country music
(22:10) – Fame
(28:06) – Music vs politics
(36:56) – Rich Men North of Richmond
(47:06) – Popularity, money, and integrity
(1:01:54) – Blue-collar people
(1:13:57) – Depression
(1:38:50) – Nature
(2:01:26) – Three-legged cat
(2:09:57) – I Want to Go Home (live performance)
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(2:17:58) – Playing live this year
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#469 – Oliver Anthony: Country Music, Blue-Collar America, Fame, Money, and Pain

Janna Levin is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist specializing in black holes, cosmology of extra dimensions, topology of the universe, and gravitational waves.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:51) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(09:21) – Black holes
(16:55) – Formation of black holes
(27:45) – Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb
(34:08) – Inside the black hole
(47:10) – Supermassive black holes
(50:39) – Physics of spacetime
(53:42) – General relativity
(59:13) – Gravity
(1:15:47) – Information paradox
(1:24:17) – Fuzzballs & soft hair
(1:27:28) – ER = EPR
(1:34:07) – Firewall
(1:42:59) – Extra dimensions
(1:45:24) – Aliens
(2:01:00) – Wormholes
(2:11:57) – Dark matter and dark energy
(2:22:00) – Gravitational waves
(2:34:08) – Alan Turing and Kurt Godel
(2:46:23) – Grigori Perelman, Andrew Wiles, and Terence Tao
(2:52:58) – Art and science
(3:02:37) – The biggest mystery
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#468 – Janna Levin: Black Holes, Wormholes, Aliens, Paradoxes & Extra Dimensions

Jeffrey Wasserstrom is a historian of modern China.
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OUTLINE:
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(00:06) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(10:29) – Xi Jinping and Mao Zedong
(13:57) – Confucius
(21:27) – Education
(29:33) – Tiananmen Square
(40:49) – Tank Man
(50:49) – Censorship
(1:26:45) – Xi Jinping
(1:44:53) – Donald Trump
(1:48:47) – Trade war
(2:01:35) – Taiwan
(2:11:48) – Protests in Hong Kong
(2:44:07) – Mao Zedong
(3:05:48) – Future of China
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#466 – Jeffrey Wasserstrom: China, Xi Jinping, Trade War, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Mao

Robert Rodriguez is a legendary filmmaker and creator of Sin City, El Mariachi, Desperado, Spy Kids, Machete, From Dusk Till Dawn, Alita: Battle Angel, The Faculty, and his newest venture Brass Knuckle Films.
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OUTLINE:
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(10:04) – Explosions and having only one take
(17:39) – Success and failure
(26:28) – Filmmaking on a low budget
(38:41) – El Mariachi
(50:10) – Creativity
(1:12:06) – Limitations
(1:18:22) – Handling criticism
(1:34:32) – Action films
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(2:01:40) – Danny Trejo
(2:06:55) – Filming in Austin
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(3:06:48) – Manifesting
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(3:27:56) – Mortality
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#465 – Robert Rodriguez: Sin City, Desperado, El Mariachi, Alita, and Filmmaking

Dave Smith is a comedian, libertarian, political commentator, and the host of Part of the Problem podcast.
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OUTLINE:
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(09:32) – Libertarianism
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(13:59) – Military–industrial complex
(20:53) – War on Terror
(33:12) – China and Taiwan
(41:00) – Just war theory
(48:09) – Israel and Gaza
(1:05:35) – Douglas Murray
(1:13:29) – Hamas
(1:29:48) – Hitler and Stalin
(1:32:01) – Darryl Cooper
(1:41:13) – Antisemitism
(1:54:46) – World leaders
(2:07:21) – Jeffrey Epstein
(2:15:24) – Sam Harris
(2:28:07) – Ukraine and Russia
(2:47:32) – Joe Rogan
(3:00:01) – Conspiracy theories
(3:17:52) – Hope
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#464 – Dave Smith: Israel, Ukraine, Epstein, Mossad, Conspiracies & Antisemitism

Douglas Murray is the author of On Democracies and Death Cults, The War on The West, and The Madness of Crowds.
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OUTLINE:
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(02:04) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(09:31) – War in Ukraine
(13:17) – Trump and Zelenskyy
(27:47) – Putin
(48:40) – Peace
(58:31) – Zelenskyy
(1:13:11) – Israel-Palestine
(1:23:57) – Hamas
(1:38:30) – Corruption
(1:41:40) – Gaza
(2:02:18) – Benjamin Netanyahu
(2:19:29) – Hate
(2:43:59) – Iran
(2:54:48) – Interview advice
(3:09:12) – War
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#463 – Douglas Murray: Putin, Zelenskyy, Trump, Israel, Netanyahu, Hamas & Gaza

ThePrimeagen (aka Michael Paulson) is a programmer who has educated, entertained, and inspired millions of people to build software and have fun doing it.
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ThePrimeagen’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/ThePrimeTimeagen
ThePrimeagen’s Twitch: https://twitch.tv/ThePrimeagen
ThePrimeagen’s GitHub: https://github.com/theprimeagen
ThePrimeagen’s TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@theprimeagen
ThePrimeagen’s Coffee: https://www.terminal.shop/
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(00:00) – Introduction
(10:27) – Love for programming
(20:00) – Hardest part of programming
(22:16) – Types of programming
(29:54) – Life story
(39:58) – Hardship
(41:29) – High school
(47:15) – Porn addiction
(57:01) – God
(1:12:44) – Perseverance
(1:22:40) – Netflix
(1:35:08) – Groovy
(1:40:13) – Printf() debugging
(1:46:35) – Falcor
(1:56:05) – Breaking production
(1:58:49) – Pieter Levels
(2:03:19) – Netflix, Twitch, and YouTube infrastructure
(2:15:22) – ThePrimeagen origin story
(2:30:37) – Learning programming languages
(2:39:40) – Best programming languages in 2025
(2:44:35) – Python
(2:45:15) – HTML & CSS
(2:46:05) – Bash
(2:46:45) – FFmpeg
(2:53:28) – Performance
(2:56:00) – Rust
(3:00:48) – Epic projects
(3:14:12) – Asserts
(3:23:26) – ADHD
(3:31:34) – Productivity
(3:35:58) – Programming setup
(4:11:28) – Coffee
(4:18:32) – Programming with AI
(5:01:16) – Advice for young programmers
(5:12:48) – Reddit questions
(5:20:20) – God
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#461 – ThePrimeagen: Programming, AI, ADHD, Productivity, Addiction, and God

Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India. On YouTube this episode is available in English, Hindi, Russian (and soon other languages). Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided (for the main episode video on YouTube) in English, Hindi, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed-language version, please select the Hindi (Latin) audio track. The default is English overdub.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(17:24) – Fasting
(29:42) – Early life
(41:38) – Advice to Young People
(47:20) – Journey in the Himalayas
(58:50) – Becoming a monk
(1:00:37) – RSS and Hindu nationalism
(1:08:22) – Explaining India
(1:12:32) – Mahatma Gandhi
(1:24:27) – Path to peace in Ukraine
(1:27:41) – India and Pakistan
(1:33:21) – Cricket and Football
(1:37:45) – Donald Trump
(1:48:56) – China and Xi Jinping
(1:56:01) – Gujarat riots in 2002
(2:11:37) – Biggest democracy in the world
(2:21:53) – Power
(2:26:39) – Hard work
(2:29:46) – Srinivasa Ramanujan
(2:31:53) – Decision-making process
(2:39:40) – AI
(2:49:55) – Education
(3:00:10) – Learning and focus
(3:06:01) – Mantra
(3:07:45) – Meditation
(3:13:43) – Lex visiting India
(3:18:08) – Siddhartha

#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace

Dylan Patel is the founder of SemiAnalysis, a research & analysis company specializing in semiconductors, GPUs, CPUs, and AI hardware. Nathan Lambert is a research scientist at the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) and the author of a blog on AI called Interconnects.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(13:28) – DeepSeek-R1 and DeepSeek-V3
(35:02) – Low cost of training
(1:01:19) – DeepSeek compute cluster
(1:08:52) – Export controls on GPUs to China
(1:19:10) – AGI timeline
(1:28:35) – China’s manufacturing capacity
(1:36:30) – Cold war with China
(1:41:00) – TSMC and Taiwan
(2:04:38) – Best GPUs for AI
(2:19:30) – Why DeepSeek is so cheap
(2:32:49) – Espionage
(2:41:52) – Censorship
(2:54:46) – Andrej Karpathy and magic of RL
(3:05:17) – OpenAI o3-mini vs DeepSeek r1
(3:24:25) – NVIDIA
(3:28:53) – GPU smuggling
(3:35:30) – DeepSeek training on OpenAI data
(3:45:59) – AI megaclusters
(4:21:21) – Who wins the race to AGI?
(4:31:34) – AI agents
(4:40:16) – Programming and AI
(4:47:43) – Open source
(4:56:55) – Stargate
(5:04:24) – Future of AI

#459 – DeepSeek, China, OpenAI, NVIDIA, xAI, TSMC, Stargate, and AI Megaclusters

Marc Andreessen is an entrepreneur, investor, co-creator of Mosaic, co-founder of Netscape, and co-founder of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.
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(00:00) – Introduction
(12:46) – Best possible future
(22:09) – History of Western Civilization
(31:28) – Trump in 2025
(39:09) – TDS in tech
(51:56) – Preference falsification
(1:07:52) – Self-censorship
(1:22:55) – Censorship
(1:31:34) – Jon Stewart
(1:34:20) – Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan
(1:43:09) – Government pressure
(1:53:57) – Nature of power
(2:06:45) – Journalism
(2:12:20) – Bill Ackman
(2:17:17) – Trump administration
(2:24:56) – DOGE
(2:38:48) – H1B and immigration
(3:16:42) – Little tech
(3:29:02) – AI race
(3:37:52) – X
(3:41:24) – Yann LeCun
(3:44:59) – Andrew Huberman
(3:46:30) – Success
(3:49:26) – God and humanity
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#458 – Marc Andreessen: Trump, Power, Tech, AI, Immigration & Future of America

Jennifer Burns is a historian of ideas, focusing on the evolution of economic, political, and social ideas in the United States in the 20th century. She wrote two biographies, one on Milton Friedman, and the other on Ayn Rand.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:05) – Milton Friedman
(24:58) – The Great Depression
(39:15) – Schools of economic thought
(50:22) – Keynesian economics
(58:10) – Laissez-faire
(1:06:00) – Friedrich Hayek
(1:11:18) – Money and monetarism
(1:26:03) – Stagflation
(1:30:56) – Moral case for capitalism
(1:34:53) – Freedom
(1:39:51) – Ethics of competition
(1:43:37) – Win-win solutions
(1:45:26) – Corruption
(1:47:51) – Government intervention
(1:54:10) – Conservatism
(2:00:33) – Donald Trump
(2:03:09) – Inflation
(2:07:38) – DOGE
(2:12:58) – Javier Milei
(2:18:03) – Richard Nixon
(2:25:17) – Ronald Reagan
(2:28:24) – Cryptocurrency
(2:43:40) – Ayn Rand
(2:51:18) – The Fountainhead
(3:02:58) – Sex and power dynamics
(3:19:04) – Evolution of ideas in history
(3:26:32) – Postmodernism
(3:37:33) – Advice to students
(3:45:50) – Lex reflects on Volodymyr Zelenskyy interview
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#457 – Jennifer Burns: Milton Friedman, Ayn Rand, Economics, Capitalism, Freedom

Volodymyr Zelenskyy is the President of Ukraine. On YouTube this episode is available in English, Ukrainian, and Russian. Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided in English, Ukrainian, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed language version, please select the English (UK) audio track audio track. The default is English overdub.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(20:17) – Language
(30:06) – World War II
(46:54) – Invasion on Feb 24, 2022
(53:30) – Negotiating Peace
(1:13:47) – NATO and security guarantees
(1:26:39) – Sitting down with Putin and Trump
(1:46:09) – Compromise and leverage
(1:51:38) – Putin and Russia
(2:01:30) – Donald Trump
(2:12:01) – Martial Law and Elections
(2:24:21) – Corruption
(2:33:06) – Elon Musk
(2:37:10) – Trump Inauguration on Jan 20
(2:40:18) – Power dynamics in Ukraine
(2:43:50) – Future of Ukraine
(2:48:32) – Choice of language
(2:58:02) – Podcast prep and research process
(3:06:27) – Travel and setup
(3:12:13) – Conclusion
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#456 – Volodymyr Zelenskyy: Ukraine, War, Peace, Putin, Trump, NATO, and Freedom

Adam Frank is an astrophysicist studying star systems and the search for extraterrestrial life and alien civilizations.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(14:22) – Planet formation
(19:32) – Plate tectonics
(26:54) – Extinction events
(31:04) – Biosphere
(34:02) – Technosphere
(38:17) – Emergence of intelligence
(44:29) – Drake equation
(48:43) – Exoplanets
(51:28) – Habitable zones
(54:30) – Fermi Paradox
(1:03:28) – Alien civilizations
(1:12:55) – Colonizing Mars
(1:25:11) – Search for aliens
(1:41:37) – Alien megastructures
(1:47:43) – Kardashev scale
(1:52:56) – Detecting aliens
(1:59:38) – Warp drives
(2:05:45) – Cryogenics
(2:09:03) – What aliens look like
(2:17:48) – Alien contact
(2:28:53) – UFO sightings
(2:40:38) – Physics of life
(3:06:29) – Nature of time
(3:22:53) – Cognition
(3:27:16) – Mortality

#455 – Adam Frank: Alien Civilizations and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life

Saagar Enjeti is a political journalist & commentator, co-host of Breaking Points with Krystal and Saagar and The Realignment Podcast. He is exceptionally well-read, and the books he recommends are always fascinating and eye-opening. You can check out all the books he mentions in this episode here: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:47) – Why Trump won
(14:48) – Book recommendations
(18:24) – History of wokeism
(25:54) – History of Scots-Irish
(32:32) – Biden
(36:34) – FDR
(38:36) – George W Bush
(40:59) – LBJ
(46:15) – Cuban Missile Crisis
(53:48) – Immigration
(1:25:46) – DOGE
(1:52:27) – MAGA ideology
(1:55:39) – Bernie Sanders
(2:04:00) – Obama vs Trump
(2:21:00) – Nancy Pelosi
(2:24:14) – Kamala Harris
(2:40:00) – 2020 Election
(3:03:49) – Sam Harris
(3:14:55) – UFOs
(3:20:47) – Future of the Republican Party
(3:27:24) – Future of the Democratic Party
(3:35:21) – Hope

#454 – Saagar Enjeti: Trump, MAGA, DOGE, Obama, FDR, JFK, History & Politics

Javier Milei is the President of Argentina. This episode is available in both English and Spanish.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(14:44) – Economic freedom
(20:09) – Anarcho-capitalism
(30:02) – Presidency and reforms
(49:22) – Poverty
(55:54) – Corruption
(1:04:32) – Freedom
(1:18:43) – Elon Musk
(1:24:11) – DOGE
(1:26:13) – Donald Trump
(1:32:13) – US and Argentina relations
(1:39:22) – Messi vs Maradona
(1:48:16) – God
(1:50:22) – Elvis and Rolling Stones
(1:54:02) – Free market
(2:01:03) – Loyalty
(2:03:40) – Advice for young people
(2:05:06) – Hope for Argentina
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#453 – Javier Milei: President of Argentina – Freedom, Economics, and Corruption

Dario Amodei is the CEO of Anthropic, the company that created Claude. Amanda Askell is an AI researcher working on Claude’s character and personality. Chris Olah is an AI researcher working on mechanistic interpretability.
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Claude: https://claude.ai
Anthropic’s X: https://x.com/AnthropicAI
Anthropic’s Website: https://anthropic.com
Dario’s X: https://x.com/DarioAmodei
Dario’s Website: https://darioamodei.com
Machines of Loving Grace (Essay): https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace
Chris’s X: https://x.com/ch402
Chris’s Blog: https://colah.github.io
Amanda’s X: https://x.com/AmandaAskell
Amanda’s Website: https://askell.io
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:19) – Scaling laws
(19:25) – Limits of LLM scaling
(27:51) – Competition with OpenAI, Google, xAI, Meta
(33:14) – Claude
(36:50) – Opus 3.5
(41:36) – Sonnet 3.5
(44:56) – Claude 4.0
(49:07) – Criticism of Claude
(1:01:54) – AI Safety Levels
(1:12:42) – ASL-3 and ASL-4
(1:16:46) – Computer use
(1:26:41) – Government regulation of AI
(1:45:30) – Hiring a great team
(1:54:19) – Post-training
(1:59:45) – Constitutional AI
(2:05:11) – Machines of Loving Grace
(2:24:17) – AGI timeline
(2:36:52) – Programming
(2:43:52) – Meaning of life
(2:49:58) – Amanda Askell – Philosophy
(2:52:26) – Programming advice for non-technical people
(2:56:15) – Talking to Claude
(3:12:47) – Prompt engineering
(3:21:21) – Post-training
(3:26:00) – Constitutional AI
(3:30:53) – System prompts
(3:37:00) – Is Claude getting dumber?
(3:49:02) – Character training
(3:50:01) – Nature of truth
(3:54:38) – Optimal rate of failure
(4:01:49) – AI consciousness
(4:16:20) – AGI
(4:24:58) – Chris Olah – Mechanistic Interpretability
(4:29:49) – Features, Circuits, Universality
(4:47:23) – Superposition
(4:58:22) – Monosemanticity
(5:05:14) – Scaling Monosemanticity
(5:14:02) – Macroscopic behavior of neural networks
(5:18:56) – Beauty of neural networks

#452 – Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI & the Future of AI & Humanity

Rick Spence is a historian specializing in the history of intelligence agencies, espionage, secret societies, conspiracies, the occult, and military history.
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Rick’s Website: https://www.uidaho.edu/class/history/faculty-staff/richard-spence
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:04) – KGB and CIA
(23:21) – Okhrana, Cheka, NKVD
(38:53) – CIA spies vs KGB spies
(45:29) – Assassinations and mind control
(52:23) – Jeffrey Epstein
(59:15) – Bohemian Grove
(1:11:09) – Occultism
(1:22:20) – Nazi party and Thule society
(2:02:38) – Protocols of the Elders of Zion
(2:35:43) – Charles Manson
(3:02:30) – Zodiac Killer
(3:13:24) – Illuminati
(3:20:48) – Secret societies
PODCAST LINKS:
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#451 – Rick Spence: CIA, KGB, Illuminati, Secret Societies, Cults & Conspiracies

Bernie Sanders is a US Senator from Vermont and a two-time presidential candidate.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:51) – MLK Jr
(11:43) – Corruption in politics
(23:00) – Healthcare in US
(31:33) – 2016 election
(37:32) – Barack Obama
(43:26) – Capitalism
(51:35) – Response to attacks
(56:32) – AOC and progressive politics
(1:04:24) – Mortality
(1:06:30) – Hope for the future
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#450 – Bernie Sanders Interview

Graham Hancock a journalist and author who for over 30 years has explored the controversial possibility that there existed a lost civilization during the last Ice Age, and that it was destroyed in a global cataclysm some 12,000 years ago. He is the presenter of the Netflix documentary series “Ancient Apocalypse”, the 2nd season of which has just been released.
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Ancient Apocalypse (Season 2): https://netflix.com/title/81211003
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:58) – Lost Ice Age civilization
(17:03) – Göbekli Tepe
(29:07) – Early humans
(34:07) – Astronomical symbolism
(45:36) – Younger Dryas impact hypothesis
(1:03:55) – The Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza
(1:24:29) – Sahara Desert and the Amazon rainforest
(1:33:49) – Response to critics
(1:57:56) – Panspermia
(2:05:22) – Shamanism
(2:29:22) – How the Great Pyramid was built
(2:36:41) – Mortality
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#449 – Graham Hancock: Lost Civilization of the Ice Age & Ancient Human History

Jordan Peterson is a psychologist, author, lecturer, and podcast host.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:07) – Nietzsche
(14:48) – Power and propaganda
(19:54) – Nazism
(24:54) – Religion
(41:18) – Communism
(47:03) – Hero myth
(49:12) – Belief in God
(59:24) – Advice for young people
(1:12:02) – Sex
(1:32:00) – Good and evil
(1:44:46) – Psychopathy
(1:58:15) – Hardship
(2:10:31) – Pain and gratitude
(2:21:32) – Truth
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#448 – Jordan Peterson: Nietzsche, Hitler, God, Psychopathy, Suffering & Meaning

Aman Sanger, Arvid Lunnemark, Michael Truell, and Sualeh Asif are creators of Cursor, a popular code editor that specializes in AI-assisted programming.
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Cursor Website: https://cursor.com
Cursor on X: https://x.com/cursor_ai
Anysphere Website: https://anysphere.inc/
Aman’s X: https://x.com/amanrsanger
Aman’s Website: https://amansanger.com/
Arvid’s X: https://x.com/ArVID220u
Arvid’s Website: https://arvid.xyz/
Michael’s Website: https://mntruell.com/
Michael’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3zIDkPN
Sualeh’s X: https://x.com/sualehasif996
Sualeh’s Website: https://sualehasif.me/
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:25) – Code editor basics
(11:35) – GitHub Copilot
(18:53) – Cursor
(25:20) – Cursor Tab
(31:35) – Code diff
(39:46) – ML details
(45:20) – GPT vs Claude
(51:54) – Prompt engineering
(59:20) – AI agents
(1:13:18) – Running code in background
(1:17:57) – Debugging
(1:23:25) – Dangerous code
(1:34:35) – Branching file systems
(1:37:47) – Scaling challenges
(1:51:58) – Context
(1:57:05) – OpenAI o1
(2:08:27) – Synthetic data
(2:12:14) – RLHF vs RLAIF
(2:14:01) – Fields Medal for AI
(2:16:43) – Scaling laws
(2:25:32) – The future of programming
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#447 – Cursor Team: Future of Programming with AI

Ed Barnhart is an archaeologist and explorer specializing in ancient civilizations of the Americas. He is the Director of the Maya Exploration Center, host of the ArchaeoEd Podcast, and lecturer on the ancient history of North, Central, and South America. Ed is in part known for his groundbreaking work on ancient astronomy, mathematics, and calendar systems.
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EPISODE LINKS:
Ed’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@archaeoedpodcast
Ed’s Website: https://archaeoed.com/
Maya Exploration Center: https://mayaexploration.org
Ed’s Lectures on The Great Courses: https://thegreatcoursesplus.com/edwin-barnhart
Ed’s Lectures on Audible: https://adbl.co/4dBavTZ
2025 Mayan Calendar: https://mayan-calendar.com/
SPONSORS:
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:59) – Lost civilizations
(16:04) – Hunter-gatherers
(19:36) – First humans in the Americas
(29:28) – South America
(34:57) – Pyramids
(42:01) – Religion
(55:05) – Shamanism
(57:02) – Ayahuasca
(1:03:15) – Lost City of Z
(1:08:09) – Graham Hancock
(1:15:11) – Uncontacted tribes
(1:21:12) – Maya civilization
(1:37:00) – Mayan calendar
(1:52:17) – Flood myths
(2:20:46) – Aztecs
(2:38:12) – Inca Empire
(2:56:13) – Early humans in North America
(3:02:10) – Columbus
(3:06:46) – Vikings
(3:10:55) – Aliens
(3:15:23) – Earth in 10,000 years
(3:31:33) – Hope for the future
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#446 – Ed Barnhart: Maya, Aztec, Inca, and Lost Civilizations of South America

Vivek Ramaswamy is a conservative politician, entrepreneur, and author of many books on politics, including his latest titled Truths: The Future of America First.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(12:50) – Conservatism
(16:06) – Progressivism
(21:41) – DEI
(26:33) – Bureaucracy
(33:25) – Government efficiency
(48:34) – Education
(1:02:59) – Military Industrial Complex
(1:25:18) – Illegal immigration
(1:46:53) – Donald Trump
(2:08:18) – War in Ukraine
(2:19:31) – China
(2:30:42) – Will Vivek run in 2028?
(2:42:21) – Approach to debates
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#445 – Vivek Ramaswamy: Trump, Conservatism, Nationalism, Immigration, and War

Vejas Liulevicius is a historian specializing in Germany and Eastern Europe, who has lectured extensively on Marxism and the rise, the reign, and the fall of Communism.
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Vejas’s Courses: https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/vejas-gabriel-liulevicius
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:48) – Marxism
(36:33) – Anarchism
(51:30) – The Communist Manifesto
(1:00:29) – Communism in the Soviet Union
(1:20:23) – Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin
(1:30:11) – Stalin
(1:37:26) – Holodomor
(1:51:16) – The Great Terror
(2:04:17) – Totalitarianism
(2:15:19) – Response to Darryl Cooper
(2:30:27) – Nazis vs Communists in Germany
(2:36:50) – Mao
(2:41:57) – Great Leap Forward
(2:48:58) – China after Mao
(2:54:30) – North Korea
(2:58:34) – Communism in US
(3:06:04) – Russia after Soviet Union
(3:17:35) – Advice for Lex
(3:25:17) – Book recommendations
(3:28:16) – Advice for young people
(3:35:08) – Hope
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#444 – Vejas Liulevicius: Communism, Marxism, Nazism, Stalin, Mao, and Hitler

Donald Trump is the 45th President of the United States and the Republican candidate in the 2024 US Presidential Election.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:19) – Psychology of winning and losing
(12:01) – Politics is a dirty game
(13:38) – Business vs politics
(16:15) – War in Ukraine
(18:03) – Kamala Harris interview on CNN
(18:46) – Trump-Harris debate
(21:43) – China
(23:57) – 2020 election
(32:13) – Project 2025
(33:03) – Marijuana
(35:24) – Joe Rogan
(39:04) – Division
(46:10) – Communism and fascism
(49:46) – Power
(51:47) – UFOs & JFK
(52:26) – Jeffrey Epstein
(54:05) – Mortality and religion
(55:35) – Lex AMA
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#442 – Donald Trump Interview

Craig Jones is a legendary jiu jitsu personality, competitor, co-founder of B-Team, and organizer of the CJI tournament that offers over $2 million in prize money.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep439-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/craig-jones-2-transcript
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EPISODE LINKS:
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Craig Jones’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/craigjonesbjj
Craig Jones’s Instructionals: https://bjjfanatics.com/collections/craig-jones
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B-Team’s Website: https://bteamjj.com/
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(12:20) – $1 million in cash
(14:24) – Kazakhstan
(16:49) – Ukraine
(48:58) – Bali
(56:18) – CJI
(1:07:20) – Gabi Garcia
(1:10:14) – The Alley
(1:25:24) – Gordon Ryan and Nicholas Meregali
(1:32:18) – Trolling
(1:35:06) – ADCC
(1:45:19) – Training camp
(1:57:01) – Breaking legs
(1:57:44) – Advice for beginners
(2:04:23) – Volk
(2:13:26) – Future of jiu jitsu
(2:16:32) – Steroids
(2:20:01) – Hope
PODCAST LINKS:
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#439 – Craig Jones: Jiu Jitsu, $2 Million Prize, CJI, ADCC, Ukraine & Trolling

Jordan Jonas is a wilderness survival expert, explorer, hunter, guide, and winner of Alone Season 6, a show in which the task is to survive alone in the arctic wilderness longer than anyone else. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest competitors in the history on that show. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jordan-jonas-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(11:25) – Alone Season 6
(45:43) – Arctic
(1:01:59) – Roland Welker
(1:09:34) – Freight trains
(1:21:19) – Siberia
(1:39:45) – Hunger
(1:59:29) – Suffering
(2:14:15) – God
(2:29:15) – Mortality
(2:34:59) – Resilience
(2:46:45) – Hope
(2:49:30) – Lex AMA

#437 – Jordan Jonas: Survival, Hunting, Siberia, God, and Winning Alone Season 6

Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist at Stanford and host of the Huberman Lab Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-huberman-5-transcript
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Andrew’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/AndrewHubermanLab
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PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:24) – Quitting and evolving
(17:22) – How to focus and think deeply
(19:56) – Cannabis drama
(30:08) – Jungian shadow
(40:35) – Supplements
(43:38) – Nicotine
(48:01) – Caffeine
(49:48) – Math gaffe
(1:06:50) – 2024 presidential elections
(1:13:47) – Great white sharks
(1:22:32) – Ayahuasca & psychedelics
(1:37:33) – Relationships
(1:45:08) – Productivity
(1:53:58) – Friendship

#435 – Andrew Huberman: Focus, Controversy, Politics, and Relationships

Arvind Srinivas is CEO of Perplexity, a company that aims to revolutionize how we humans find answers to questions on the Internet. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/aravind-srinivas-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Perplexity’s X: https://x.com/perplexity_ai
PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:52) – How Perplexity works
(18:48) – How Google works
(41:16) – Larry Page and Sergey Brin
(55:50) – Jeff Bezos
(59:18) – Elon Musk
(1:01:36) – Jensen Huang
(1:04:53) – Mark Zuckerberg
(1:06:21) – Yann LeCun
(1:13:07) – Breakthroughs in AI
(1:29:05) – Curiosity
(1:35:22) – $1 trillion dollar question
(1:50:13) – Perplexity origin story
(2:05:25) – RAG
(2:27:43) – 1 million H100 GPUs
(2:30:15) – Advice for startups
(2:42:52) – Future of search
(3:00:29) – Future of AI

#434 – Aravind Srinivas: Perplexity CEO on Future of AI, Search & the Internet

Sara Walker is an astrobiologist and theoretical physicist. She is the author of a new book titled “Life as No One Knows It: The Physics of Life’s Emergence”. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sara-walker-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:40) – Definition of life
(31:18) – Time and space
(42:00) – Technosphere
(46:25) – Theory of everything
(55:06) – Origin of life
(1:16:44) – Assembly theory
(1:32:58) – Aliens
(1:44:48) – Great Perceptual Filter
(1:48:45) – Fashion
(1:52:47) – Beauty
(1:59:08) – Language
(2:05:50) – Computation
(2:15:37) – Consciousness
(2:24:28) – Artificial life
(2:48:21) – Free will
(2:55:05) – Why anything exists

#433 – Sara Walker: Physics of Life, Time, Complexity, and Aliens

Roman Yampolskiy is an AI safety researcher and author of a new book titled AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/roman-yampolskiy-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:12) – Existential risk of AGI
(15:25) – Ikigai risk
(23:37) – Suffering risk
(27:12) – Timeline to AGI
(31:44) – AGI turing test
(37:06) – Yann LeCun and open source AI
(49:58) – AI control
(52:26) – Social engineering
(54:59) – Fearmongering
(1:04:49) – AI deception
(1:11:23) – Verification
(1:18:22) – Self-improving AI
(1:30:34) – Pausing AI development
(1:36:51) – AI Safety
(1:46:35) – Current AI
(1:51:58) – Simulation
(1:59:16) – Aliens
(2:00:50) – Human mind
(2:07:10) – Neuralink
(2:16:15) – Hope for the future
(2:20:11) – Meaning of life

#431 – Roman Yampolskiy: Dangers of Superintelligent AI

Charan Ranganath is a psychologist and neuroscientist at UC Davis, specializing in human memory. He is the author of a new book titled Why We Remember. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/charan-ranganath-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Charan’s X: https://x.com/CharanRanganath
Charan’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/thememorydoc
Charan’s Website: https://charanranganath.com
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Charan’s Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ptWkt1wAAAAJ
Dynamic Memory Lab: https://dml.ucdavis.edu/
PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:18) – Experiencing self vs remembering self
(23:59) – Creating memories
(33:31) – Why we forget
(41:08) – Training memory
(51:37) – Memory hacks
(1:03:26) – Imagination vs memory
(1:12:44) – Memory competitions
(1:22:33) – Science of memory
(1:37:48) – Discoveries
(1:48:52) – Deja vu
(1:54:09) – False memories
(2:14:14) – False confessions
(2:18:00) – Heartbreak
(2:25:34) – Nature of time
(2:33:15) – Brain–computer interface (BCI)
(2:47:19) – AI and memory
(2:57:33) – ADHD
(3:04:30) – Music
(3:14:15) – Human mind

#430 – Charan Ranganath: Human Memory, Imagination, Deja Vu, and False Memories

Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author, and founder of Junglekeepers, dedicating his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest. Support his efforts at https://junglekeepers.org
Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-2-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Paul’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie
Junglekeepers: https://junglekeepers.org
Paul’s Website: https://paulrosolie.com
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PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(12:29) – Amazon jungle
(14:47) – Bushmaster snakes
(26:13) – Black caiman
(44:33) – Rhinos
(47:47) – Anacondas
(1:18:04) – Mammals
(1:30:10) – Piranhas
(1:41:00) – Aliens
(1:58:45) – Elephants
(2:10:02) – Origin of life
(2:23:21) – Explorers
(2:36:38) – Ayahuasca
(2:45:03) – Deep jungle expedition
(2:59:09) – Jane Goodall
(3:01:41) – Theodore Roosevelt
(3:12:36) – Alone show
(3:22:23) – Protecting the rainforest
(3:38:36) – Snake makes appearance
(3:46:47) – Uncontacted tribes
(4:00:11) – Mortality
(4:01:39) – Steve Irwin
(4:09:18) – God

#429 – Paul Rosolie: Jungle, Apex Predators, Aliens, Uncontacted Tribes, and God

Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sean-carroll-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(11:03) – General relativity
(23:22) – Black holes
(28:11) – Hawking radiation
(32:19) – Aliens
(41:15) – Holographic principle
(1:05:38) – Dark energy
(1:11:38) – Dark matter
(1:20:34) – Quantum mechanics
(1:41:56) – Simulation
(1:44:18) – AGI
(1:58:42) – Complexity
(2:11:25) – Consciousness
(2:20:32) – Naturalism
(2:24:49) – Limits of science
(2:29:34) – Mindscape podcast
(2:39:29) – Einstein

#428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens

Neil Adams is a judo world champion, 2-time Olympic silver medalist, 5-time European champion, and often referred to as the Voice of Judo. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/neil-adams-transcript
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Neil’s Podcast: https://naeffectivefighting.com/podcasts/the-dojo-collective-podcast
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:13) – 1980 Olympics
(26:35) – Judo explained
(34:40) – Winning
(52:54) – 1984 Olympics
(1:01:55) – Lessons from losing
(1:17:37) – Teddy Riner
(1:37:12) – Training in Japan
(1:52:51) – Jiu jitsu
(2:03:59) – Training
(2:27:18) – Advice for beginners

#427 – Neil Adams: Judo, Olympics, Winning, Losing, and the Champion Mindset

Edward Gibson is a psycholinguistics professor at MIT and heads the MIT Language Lab. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/edward-gibson-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:53) – Human language
(14:59) – Generalizations in language
(20:46) – Dependency grammar
(30:45) – Morphology
(39:20) – Evolution of languages
(42:40) – Noam Chomsky
(1:26:46) – Thinking and language
(1:40:16) – LLMs
(1:53:14) – Center embedding
(2:19:42) – Learning a new language
(2:23:34) – Nature vs nurture
(2:30:10) – Culture and language
(2:44:38) – Universal language
(2:49:01) – Language translation
(2:52:16) – Animal communication

#426 – Edward Gibson: Human Language, Psycholinguistics, Syntax, Grammar & LLMs

Andrew Callaghan is the host of Channel 5 on YouTube, where he does street interviews with fascinating humans at the edges of society, the so-called vagrants, vagabonds, runaways, outlaws, from QAnon adherents to Phish heads to O Block residents and much more. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-callaghan-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Channel 5 with Andrew Callaghan: https://www.youtube.com/channel5YouTube
Andrew’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/andreww.me
Andrew’s Website: https://andrew-callaghan.com/
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This Place Rules: https://www.hbo.com/movies/this-place-rules
Books Mentioned:
On the Road: https://amzn.to/4aLPLHi
Siddhartha: https://amzn.to/49rthKz
PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:53) – Walmart
(10:24) – Early life
(29:14) – Hitchhiking
(40:49) – Couch surfing
(49:50) – Quarter Confessions
(1:07:33) – Burning Man
(1:22:44) – Protests
(1:28:17) – Jon Stewart
(1:31:13) – Fame
(1:44:31) – Jan 6
(1:48:15) – QAnon
(1:54:00) – Alex Jones
(2:10:52) – Politics
(2:20:29) – Response to allegations
(2:37:28) – Channel 5
(2:43:04) – Rap
(2:44:51) – O Block
(2:48:47) – Crip Mac
(2:51:59) – Aliens

#425 – Andrew Callaghan: Channel 5, Gonzo, QAnon, O-Block, Politics & Alex Jones

Bassem Youssef is an Egyptian-American comedian & satirist, referred to as the Jon Stewart of the Arab World. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/bassem-youssef-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Bassem’s X: https://x.com/Byoussef
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Bassem’s Website: https://bassemyoussef.xyz
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:30) – Oct 7
(36:59) – Two-state solution
(52:37) – Holocaust
(1:00:24) – 1948
(1:09:17) – Egypt
(1:23:39) – Jon Stewart
(1:25:51) – Going viral during the Arab Spring
(1:49:55) – Arabic vs English
(2:02:18) – Sam Harris and Jihad
(2:07:25) – Religion
(2:26:37) – TikTok
(2:31:10) – Joe Rogan
(2:33:07) – Joe Biden
(2:37:33) – Putin
(2:39:21) – War
(2:44:17) – Hope

#424 – Bassem Youssef: Israel-Palestine, Gaza, Hamas, Middle East, Satire & Fame

Tulsi Gabbard is a politician, veteran, and author of For Love of Country. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/tulsi-gabbard-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
For Love of Country (book): https://amzn.to/3VLlofM
Tulsi’s X: https://x.com/tulsigabbard
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Tulsi’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/tulsigabbard
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Tulsi’s Website: https://tulsigabbard.com/
PODCAST INFO:
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:14) – War in Iraq
(15:00) – Battle injuries and PTSD
(22:10) – War on terrorism
(30:51) – War in Gaza
(34:52) – War in Ukraine
(38:38) – Syria
(46:20) – Warmongers
(55:40) – Nuclear war
(1:11:08) – TikTok ban
(1:23:13) – Bernie Sanders
(1:28:08) – Politics
(1:46:59) – Personal attacks
(1:49:07) – God

#423 – Tulsi Gabbard: War, Politics, and the Military Industrial Complex

Mark Cuban is a businessman, investor, star of TV series Shark Tank, long-time principal owner of Dallas Mavericks, and founder of Cost Plus Drugs. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Listening: https://listening.com/lex and use code LEX to get one month free
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/mark-cuban-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Mark’s X: https://twitter.com/mcuban
Mark’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/mcuban
Cost Plus Drugs: https://costplusdrugs.com
Shark Tank: https://abc.com/shows/shark-tank
Dallas Mavericks: https://www.mavs.com
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(11:10) – Entrepreneurship
(26:03) – Shark Tank
(36:29) – How Mark made first billion
(1:02:39) – Dallas Mavericks
(1:08:05) – DEI debate
(1:43:58) – Trump vs Biden
(1:46:20) – Immigration
(1:55:53) – Drugs and Big Pharma
(2:11:53) – AI
(2:16:05) – Advice for young people

#422 – Mark Cuban: Shark Tank, DEI & Wokeism Debate, Elon Musk, Politics & Drugs

Dana White is the CEO and president of the UFC. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dana-white-transcript
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UFC’s Website: https://ufc.com/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:31) – Mike Tyson and early days of fighting
(17:10) – Jiu jitsu
(23:14) – Origin of UFC
(37:25) – Joe Rogan
(43:31) – Lorenzo Fertitta
(45:58) – Great fighters
(49:55) – Khabib vs Conor
(53:01) – Jon Jones
(56:03) – Conor McGregor
(1:01:05) – Trump
(1:06:44) – Elon vs Zuck
(1:08:04) – Mike Tyson vs Jake Paul
(1:10:52) – Forrest Griffin vs Stephan Bonnar
(1:18:06) – Gambling
(1:33:08) – Mortality

#421 – Dana White: UFC, Fighting, Khabib, Conor, Tyson, Ali, Rogan, Elon & Zuck

Annie Jacobsen is an investigative journalist and author of “Nuclear War: A Scenario” and many other books on war, weapons, government secrecy, and national security. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/annie-jacobsen-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Annie’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/anniejacobsen
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Annie’s Books (audio): https://adbl.co/49ZnI7c
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:37) – Nuclear war
(12:21) – Launch procedure
(18:00) – Deterrence
(21:34) – Tactical nukes
(30:59) – Nuclear submarines
(33:59) – Nuclear missiles
(41:10) – Nuclear football
(50:17) – Missile interceptor system
(54:34) – North Korea
(1:01:10) – Nuclear war scenarios
(1:10:02) – Warmongers
(1:14:31) – President’s cognitive ability
(1:20:43) – Refusing orders
(1:28:41) – Russia and Putin
(1:33:48) – Cyberattack
(1:35:09) – Ground zero of nuclear war
(1:39:48) – Surviving nuclear war
(1:44:06) – Nuclear winter
(1:54:29) – Alien civilizations
(2:00:04) – Extrasensory perception
(2:13:50) – Area 51
(2:17:48) – UFOs and aliens
(2:28:15) – Roswell incident
(2:34:55) – CIA assassinations
(2:53:47) – Navalny
(2:56:12) – KGB
(3:02:48) – Hitler and the atomic bomb
(3:06:52) – War and human nature
(3:10:17) – Hope

#420 – Annie Jacobsen: Nuclear War, CIA, KGB, Aliens, Area 51, Roswell & Secrecy

Sam Altman is the CEO of OpenAI, the company behind GPT-4, ChatGPT, Sora, and many other state-of-the-art AI technologies. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Cloaked: https://cloaked.com/lex and use code LexPod to get 25% off
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sam-altman-2-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Sam’s X: https://x.com/sama
Sam’s Blog: https://blog.samaltman.com/
OpenAI’s X: https://x.com/OpenAI
OpenAI’s Website: https://openai.com
ChatGPT Website: https://chat.openai.com/
Sora Website: https://openai.com/sora
GPT-4 Website: https://openai.com/research/gpt-4
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:51) – OpenAI board saga
(25:17) – Ilya Sutskever
(31:26) – Elon Musk lawsuit
(41:18) – Sora
(51:09) – GPT-4
(1:02:18) – Memory & privacy
(1:09:22) – Q*
(1:12:58) – GPT-5
(1:16:13) – $7 trillion of compute
(1:24:22) – Google and Gemini
(1:35:26) – Leap to GPT-5
(1:39:10) – AGI
(1:57:44) – Aliens

#419 – Sam Altman: OpenAI, GPT-5, Sora, Board Saga, Elon Musk, Ilya, Power & AGI

Norman Finkelstein and Benny Morris are historians. Mouin Rabbani is a Middle East analyst. Steven Bonnell (aka Destiny) is a political livestreamer. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/israel-palestine-debate-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Mouin’s X: https://x.com/MouinRabbani
Mouin’s Podcast: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLkT5TSHWFSYKY_6vrNn_vZAmfunA_s9g
–
Benny’s Books: https://amzn.to/3Vf7NNU
–
Norman’s X: https://x.com/normfinkelstein
Norman’s Website: https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/
Norman’s Books: https://amzn.to/3IqouxU
Knowing Too Much (excerpt): https://jumpshare.com/v/8EUbbP40Do44ITDfJUoR
–
Destiny’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/destiny
Destiny’s X: https://x.com/TheOmniLiberal
Destiny’s Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/Destiny/
Destiny’s Website: https://destiny.gg
–
Norman and Mouin provided additional links to supplement the discussion. See them here: https://sites.google.com/view/israel-palestine-debate/home
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(12:11) – 1948
(1:10:43) – Partition
(2:15:16) – October 7
(3:09:27) – Gaza
(3:36:02) – Peace
(4:40:47) – Hope for the future

#418 – Israel-Palestine Debate: Finkelstein, Destiny, M. Rabbani & Benny Morris

Kimbal Musk is a chef, entrepreneur, and author of The Kitchen Cookbook: Cooking for Your Community. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/kimbal-musk-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Kimbal’s X: https://x.com/kimbal
Kimbal’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/kimbalmusk/
Kimbal’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/kimbalmuskofficial/
The Kitchen Cookbook: https://amzn.to/4ccaCoE
The Kitchen (restaurants): https://www.thekitchen.com/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:50) – Growing up in South Africa
(19:21) – Cooking
(42:06) – Ingredients
(49:11) – Anthony Bourdain
(51:26) – Cooking school
(1:07:46) – Life-threatening accident
(1:21:50) – Road trip across US
(1:33:33) – Zip2
(1:38:16) – Tesla
(1:45:41) – SpaceX
(1:49:24) – Hope for the future

#417 – Kimbal Musk: The Art of Cooking, Tesla, SpaceX, Zip2, and Family

Yann LeCun is the Chief AI Scientist at Meta, professor at NYU, Turing Award winner, and one of the most influential researchers in the history of AI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/yann-lecun-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Yann’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/ylecun
Yann’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/yann.lecun
Meta AI: https://ai.meta.com/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:10) – Limits of LLMs
(20:47) – Bilingualism and thinking
(24:39) – Video prediction
(31:59) – JEPA (Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture)
(35:08) – JEPA vs LLMs
(44:24) – DINO and I-JEPA
(45:44) – V-JEPA
(51:15) – Hierarchical planning
(57:33) – Autoregressive LLMs
(1:12:59) – AI hallucination
(1:18:23) – Reasoning in AI
(1:35:55) – Reinforcement learning
(1:41:02) – Woke AI
(1:50:41) – Open source
(1:54:19) – AI and ideology
(1:56:50) – Marc Andreesen
(2:04:49) – Llama 3
(2:11:13) – AGI
(2:15:41) – AI doomers
(2:31:31) – Joscha Bach
(2:35:44) – Humanoid robots
(2:44:52) – Hope for the future

#416 – Yann Lecun: Meta AI, Open Source, Limits of LLMs, AGI & the Future of AI

Serhii Plokhy is a Ukrainian historian at Harvard University, director of the Ukrainian Research Institute, and an author of many books on history of Eastern Europe, including his latest book The Russo-Ukrainian War: The Return of History. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/serhii-plokhy-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Serhii’s X: https://x.com/splokhy
Serhii’s Website: https://history.fas.harvard.edu/people/serhii-plokhii
Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: https://huri.harvard.edu/
Serhii’s Books: https://amzn.to/3OS2EqK
2006 – The Origins of the Slavic Nations
2010 – Yalta: The Price of Peace
2012 – The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of Empires
2014 – The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union
2015 – The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine
2016 – The Man with the Poison Gun: A Cold War Spy Story
2017 – Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation
2018 – Chernobyl: History of a Tragedy
2021 – Nuclear Folly: A History of the Cuban Missile Crisis
2021 – The Frontline: Essays on Ukraine’s Past and Present
2022 – Atoms and Ashes: A Global History of Nuclear Disaster
2023 – The Russo-Ukrainian War: The Return of History
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:10) – Collapse of the Soviet Union
(25:19) – Origins of Russia and Ukraine
(38:22) – Ukrainian nationalism
(46:04) – Stepan Bandera
(1:15:05) – KGB
(1:30:03) – War in Ukraine
(2:06:19) – NATO and Russia
(2:17:22) – Peace talks
(2:31:09) – Ukrainian Army head Valerii Zaluzhnyi
(2:37:46) – Power and War
(2:48:37) – Holodomor
(2:55:09) – Chernobyl
(3:05:43) – Nuclear power
(3:15:20) – Future of the world

#415 – Serhii Plokhy: History of Ukraine, Russia, Soviet Union, KGB, Nazis & War

Tucker Carlson is a highly-influential political commentator. You can watch and listen to him on the Tucker Carlson Network and the Tucker Carlson Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/tucker-carlson-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Tucker Carlson Podcast: https://tuckercarlson.com/listen/
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Tucker’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@TuckerCarlson
Tucker’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/tuckercarlson
Tucker’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/tuckercarlsonTCN/
Vladimir Putin Interview: https://youtube.com/watch?v=fOCWBhuDdDo
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(11:58) – Putin
(28:13) – Navalny
(49:25) – Moscow
(1:08:54) – Freedom of speech
(1:15:08) – Jon Stewart
(1:27:54) – Ending the War in Ukraine
(1:37:21) – Nazis
(1:45:48) – Putin’s health
(1:56:52) – Hitler
(2:06:17) – Nuclear war
(2:24:36) – Trump
(2:41:33) – Israel-Palestine
(2:47:42) – Xi Jinping
(3:01:40) – Advice for young people
(3:06:58) – Hope for the future

#414 – Tucker Carlson: Putin, Navalny, Trump, CIA, NSA, War, Politics & Freedom

Bill Ackman is an investor who has led some of the biggest and controversial financial trades in history. He is founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/bill-ackman-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Bill’s X: https://twitter.com/BillAckman
Pershing Square Holdings: https://pershingsquareholdings.com/
Pershing Square Foundation: https://pershingsquarefoundation.org
Neri Oxman conversation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbPHojL_61U
Books mentioned:
The Intelligent Investor: https://amzn.to/3ONnaZy
America’s Cultural Revolution: https://amzn.to/3SDz1dY
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:55) – Investing basics
(13:47) – Investing in music
(22:08) – Process of researching companies
(26:47) – Investing in restaurants
(32:16) – Investing in Google
(37:58) – AI
(43:13) – Warren Buffet
(45:22) – Psychology of investing
(54:53) – Activist investing
(1:04:41) – General Growth Properties
(1:20:57) – Canadian Pacific Railway
(1:28:21) – OpenAI
(1:32:32) – Biggest loss and lowest point
(1:47:21) – Herbalife and Carl Icahn
(2:04:11) – Oct 7
(2:10:42) – College campus protests
(2:29:09) – DEI in universities
(2:50:00) – Neri Oxman
(3:15:30) – X and free speech
(3:19:54) – Trump
(3:27:30) – Dean Phillips
(3:34:36) – Future

#413 – Bill Ackman: Investing, Financial Battles, Harvard, DEI, X & Free Speech

Marc Raibert is founder and former long-time CEO of Boston Dynamics, and recently Executive Director of the newly-created Boston Dynamics AI Institute. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/marc-raibert-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Boston Dynamics AI Institute: https://theaiinstitute.com/
Boston Dynamics YouTube: https://youtube.com/@bostondynamics
Boston Dynamics X: https://x.com/BostonDynamics
Boston Dynamics Instagram: https://instagram.com/bostondynamicsofficial
Boston Dynamics Website: https://bostondynamics.com/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
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– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:12) – Early robots
(15:15) – Legged robots
(33:55) – Boston Dynamics
(37:13) – BigDog
(45:20) – Hydraulic actuation
(47:12) – Natural movement
(52:59) – Leg Lab
(59:51) – AI Institute
(1:03:09) – Athletic intelligence
(1:11:04) – Building a team
(1:14:05) – Videos
(1:21:53) – Engineering
(1:25:21) – Dancing robots
(1:30:08) – Hiring
(1:34:00) – Optimus robot
(1:42:30) – Future of robotics
(1:47:24) – Advice for young people

#412 – Marc Raibert: Boston Dynamics and the Future of Robotics

Omar Suleiman is a Palestinian-American Muslim scholar, civil rights leader, and President of the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/omar-suleiman-2-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Omar’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/imamomarsuleiman
Omar’s X: https://x.com/omarsuleiman504
Omar’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/imamomarsuleiman
Yaqeen Institute’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@yaqeeninstituteofficial
Yaqeen Institute’s Website: https://yaqeeninstitute.org
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:18) – Oct 7
(19:14) – Palestinian diaspora
(23:29) – Wael Al-Dahdouh
(38:21) – Violence
(1:01:59) – Biden and Trump
(1:15:11) – Ceasefire march
(1:25:24) – Benjamin Netanyahu
(1:32:26) – Houthi rebel attacks
(1:34:03) – Hostages
(1:40:23) – MLK Jr and Malcolm X
(1:53:04) – Palestinian refugees
(2:02:14) – Muhammad and Jesus
(2:13:07) – Al-Aqsa Mosque
(2:22:04) – Ramadan
(2:26:57) – Hope for the future

#411 – Omar Suleiman: Palestine, Gaza, Oct 7, Israel, Resistance, Faith & Islam

Ben Shapiro is a conservative political commentator, host of The Ben Shapiro Show, co-founder of The Daily Wire, and author of The Authoritarian Moment and other books. Steven Bonnell, aka Destiny, is a liberal political commentator and a live streamer on YouTube. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/ben-shapiro-destiny-debate-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Ben’s X: https://twitter.com/benshapiro
Ben’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/officialbenshapiro
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Daily Wire: https://dailywire.com
Destiny’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/destiny
Destiny’s X: https://twitter.com/TheOmniLiberal
Destiny’s Subreddit: https://reddit.com/r/Destiny
Destiny’s Website: https://destiny.gg
Destiny’s Instragram: https://instagram.com/destiny
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:21) – Liberalism vs Conservatism
(12:34) – Education
(28:51) – Trump vs Biden
(49:16) – Foreign policy
(1:02:13) – Israel-Palestine
(1:17:10) – Russia-Ukraine
(1:28:50) – January 6
(1:44:48) – Abuse of power
(1:54:46) – Wokeism
(2:01:27) – Institutional capture
(2:15:21) – Monogamy vs open relationships
(2:20:14) – Rapid fire questions

#410 – Ben Shapiro vs Destiny Debate: Politics, Jan 6, Israel, Ukraine & Wokeism

Matthew Cox is a former con man who served 13 years in federal prison for bank fraud, mortgage fraud, and identity theft. He is the author of many books, including his memoir Shark in the Housing Pool, and runs the YouTube channel Inside True Crime. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Freud’s Last Session: see it in select theaters
– Babbel: https://babbel.com/lexpod and use code Lexpod to get 55% off
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/matthew-cox-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Matthew’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@InsideTrueCrime
Matthew’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/insidetruecrime
Matthew’s Art Instagram: https://instagram.com/coxpopart
Matthew’s TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@matthewcoxtruecrime
Shark in the Housing Pool (book): https://amzn.to/3S52EEy
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:43) – Mortgage fraud
(23:32) – Creating fake people
(57:17) – Arrested by FBI
(1:14:08) – Omerta: Code of silence
(1:36:26) – Fake ID’s
(2:05:48) – Getting caught
(2:19:12) – Going on the run from FBI
(2:30:54) – Identity theft
(2:51:34) – More scams
(3:03:23) – FBI Most Wanted
(3:05:51) – Close calls
(3:36:46) – Break up with Becky
(3:41:26) – Calling parents
(3:43:25) – Calling FBI
(3:49:06) – Running from cops
(4:10:56) – Getting arrested
(4:26:21) – Snitching
(4:42:35) – Prison
(5:00:08) – War dogs
(5:06:50) – Frank Amodeo
(5:42:21) – Freedom
(5:53:15) – Family
(5:59:19) – Regret

#409 – Matthew Cox: FBI Most Wanted Con Man – $55 Million in Bank Fraud

Tal Wilkenfeld is a singer-songwriter, bassist, and guitarist. She has performed with legendary artists including Jeff Beck, Prince, Incubus, Eric Clapton, Herbie Hancock, Mick Jagger, Rod Stewart, Hans Zimmer, Pharrell Williams, and many more. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/tal-wilkenfeld-transcript
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Tal’s Love Remains record: https://talwilkenfeld.lnk.to/LoveRemains
Tal’s Linktree: https://linktr.ee/talwilkenfeld
Big thank you to Crossroads Guitar Festival and Jeff Beck Estate for the footage included in this podcast.
Crossroads Guitar Festival: https://crossroadsguitarfestival.com/
Jeff Beck & Tal Wilkenfeld at Crossroads: https://youtube.com/watch?v=BVgUzUZeTw4
Guitar: Jeff Beck
Bass: Tal Wilkenfield
Drums: Vinnie Colaiuta
Keyboards: Jason Rebello
“Cause We’ve Ended As Lovers” is originally by Stevie Wonder
PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:51) – Jeff Beck
(15:44) – Confidence on stage
(32:23) – Leonard Cohen
(40:23) – Taxi Driver
(51:43) – Songwriting
(55:23) – How to learn and practice
(1:13:53) – Slap vs Fingerstyle
(1:20:16) – Davie504
(1:24:36) – Prince
(1:30:13) – Jimi Hendrix
(1:32:27) – Mentorship
(1:38:46) – Sad songs
(1:44:43) – Tal performs Under The Sun (live)
(1:50:00) – Tal performs Killing Me (live)

#408 – Tal Wilkenfeld: Music, Guitar, Bass, Jeff Beck, Prince, and Leonard Cohen

Guillaume Verdon (aka Beff Jezos on Twitter) is a physicist, quantum computing researcher, and founder of e/acc (effective accelerationism) movement. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/guillaume-verdon-transcript
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:18) – Beff Jezos
(19:16) – Thermodynamics
(25:31) – Doxxing
(35:25) – Anonymous bots
(42:53) – Power
(45:24) – AI dangers
(48:56) – Building AGI
(57:09) – Merging with AI
(1:04:51) – p(doom)
(1:20:18) – Quantum machine learning
(1:33:36) – Quantum computer
(1:42:10) – Aliens
(1:46:59) – Quantum gravity
(1:52:20) – Kardashev scale
(1:54:12) – Effective accelerationism (e/acc)
(2:04:42) – Humor and memes
(2:07:48) – Jeff Bezos
(2:14:20) – Elon Musk
(2:20:50) – Extropic
(2:29:26) – Singularity and AGI
(2:33:24) – AI doomers
(2:34:49) – Effective altruism
(2:41:18) – Day in the life
(2:47:45) – Identity
(2:50:35) – Advice for young people
(2:52:37) – Mortality
(2:56:20) – Meaning of life

#407 – Guillaume Verdon: Beff Jezos, E/acc Movement, Physics, Computation & AGI

Teddy Atlas is boxing trainer to 18 world champions, ESPN boxing commentator, and host of podcast THE FIGHT with Teddy Atlas. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/teddy-atlas-transcript
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Dr. Theodore Atlas Foundation: http://dratlasfoundation.com/
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:47) – Lessons from father
(19:53) – Scar story
(40:31) – Cus D’Amato
(50:43) – Mike Tyson
(2:08:39) – Forgiveness

#406 – Teddy Atlas: Mike Tyson, Cus D’Amato, Boxing, Loyalty, Fear & Greatness

Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and Blue Origin.
Thank you for listening ❤ Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jeff-bezos-transcript
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:53) – Texas ranch and childhood
(12:31) – Space exploration and rocket engineering
(25:05) – Physics
(34:39) – New Glenn rocket
(1:17:28) – Lunar program
(1:27:24) – Amazon
(1:44:45) – Principles
(2:03:25) – Productivity
(2:14:03) – Future of humanity

#405 – Jeff Bezos: Amazon and Blue Origin

Lee Cronin is a chemist at University of Glasgow. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/lee-cronin-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Lee’s Website: https://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/
Nature Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06600-9
Chemify’s Website: https://chemify.io
PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:37) – Assembly theory paper
(30:06) – Assembly equation
(43:19) – Discovering alien life
(1:01:38) – Evolution of life on Earth
(1:09:34) – Response to criticism
(1:27:12) – Kolmogorov complexity
(1:39:02) – Nature review process
(1:59:56) – Time and free will
(2:06:21) – Communication with aliens
(2:28:19) – Cellular automata
(2:32:48) – AGI
(2:49:36) – Nuclear weapons
(2:55:22) – Chem Machina
(3:08:16) – GPT for electron density
(3:17:46) – God

#404 – Lee Cronin: Controversial Nature Paper on Evolution of Life and Universe

Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/lisa-randall-transcript
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(11:11) – Dark matter
(30:02) – Extinction events
(41:02) – Particle physics
(56:16) – Physics vs mathematics

#403 – Lisa Randall: Dark Matter, Theoretical Physics, and Extinction Events

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, author, and anarchist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/michael-malice-7-transcript
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Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1
Jake Michael Singer (sculptor): https://instagram.com/jakemichaelsinger
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:15) – Beauty and mantis shrimp
(14:43) – Parrots, Pirates, and Monty Python
(20:55) – Humor and absurdity
(28:16) – Thanksgiving
(56:56) – Unboxing the mystery box
(1:12:54) – Karl Marx and religion
(1:21:11) – Art
(1:25:25) – Books
(1:38:02) – How to be happy
(1:40:12) – Depression
(1:41:15) – Fear
(1:42:42) – Betrayal

#402 – Michael Malice: Thanksgiving Pirate Special

John Mearsheimer is an international relations scholar at University of Chicago. He is one of the most influential and controversial thinkers in the world on the topics of war and power. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/john-mearsheimer-transcript
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:52) – Power
(33:06) – Hitler
(50:33) – Russia and Ukraine
(1:46:45) – Israel and Palestine
(2:47:37) – China
(3:29:58) – Life and mortality

#401 – John Mearsheimer: Israel-Palestine, Russia-Ukraine, China, NATO, and WW3

Elon Musk is CEO of X, xAI, SpaceX, Tesla, Neuralink, and The Boring Company.
Thank you for listening ❤ Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/elon-musk-4-transcript
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:25) – War and human nature
(14:51) – Israel-Hamas war
(20:59) – Military-Industrial Complex
(25:16) – War in Ukraine
(29:59) – China
(44:15) – xAI Grok
(55:13) – Aliens
(1:03:13) – God
(1:05:41) – Diablo 4 and video games
(1:14:48) – Dystopian worlds: 1984 and Brave New World
(1:20:59) – AI and useful compute per watt
(1:26:40) – AI regulation
(1:33:32) – Should AI be open-sourced?
(1:40:54) – X algorithm
(1:52:15) – 2024 presidential elections
(2:05:14) – Politics
(2:08:16) – Trust
(2:13:47) – Tesla’s Autopilot and Optimus robot
(2:22:46) – Hardships

#400 – Elon Musk: War, AI, Aliens, Politics, Physics, Video Games, and Humanity

Jared Kushner is a former Senior Advisor to President Donald Trump and author of Breaking History. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Destined for War: https://amzn.to/3rKwGEE
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
=== Recorded on Mon, Oct 9 ===
(00:00) – Introduction
(07:02) – Hamas attack on Israel
(09:55) – Response to attack
(16:14) – History of Hamas
(18:54) – Iran
(20:41) – Al-Aqsa Mosque
(27:06) – Abraham Accords
(36:00) – Trump vs Biden on Middle East
(45:00) – Israeli-Saudi Normalization
(49:12) – How the Israel-Gaza war ends
(53:29) – Benjamin Netanyahu
(57:06) – Palestinian support
=== Recorded on Thu, Oct 5 ===
(59:47) – Trump 2024
(1:03:15) – Human nature
(1:10:13) – Geopolitics and negotiation
(1:18:56) – North Korea
(1:27:35) – Personalities of leaders
(1:34:11) – Government bureaucracy
(1:39:56) – Accusations of collusion with Russia
(1:49:35) – Ivanka
(1:55:30) – Father
(2:04:13) – Money and power
(2:12:56) – Trust and betrayal
(2:21:57) – Mohammed bin Salman
(2:44:16) – Israeli–Palestinian peace process
(2:58:47) – Abraham Accords and Arab-Israeli normalization
(3:08:53) – Donald Trump
(3:13:59) – War in Ukraine
(3:19:14) – Vladimir Putin
(3:26:33) – China
(3:44:50) – Learning process
(3:51:19) – Hope for the future

#399 – Jared Kushner: Israel, Palestine, Hamas, Gaza, Iran, and the Middle East

Mark Zuckerberg is CEO of Meta. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/mark-zuckerberg-3-transcript
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PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:38) – Metaverse
(23:01) – Quest 3
(37:50) – Nature of reality
(42:28) – AI in the Metaverse
(59:26) – Large language models
(1:05:23) – Future of humanity

#398 – Mark Zuckerberg: First Interview in the Metaverse

Greg Lukianoff is a free speech advocate, first-amendment attorney, president of FIRE – Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, and co-author of The Coddling of the American Mind and a new book The Canceling of the American Mind. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/greg-lukianoff-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Greg’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/glukianoff
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The Coddling of the American Mind: https://amzn.to/3EL48hj
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Unlearning Liberty: https://amzn.to/3rlFnoN
*** Books Mentioned ***
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The Origins of Political Order: https://amzn.to/464zkE8
So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed: https://amzn.to/48nm1Af
Racial Paranoia: https://amzn.to/3RzyY3U
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Speaking Freely: https://amzn.to/3Zr64oG
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:49) – Cancel culture & freedom of speech
(25:21) – Left-wing vs right-wing cancel culture
(34:06) – Religion
(36:46) – College rankings by freedom of speech
(42:54) – Deplatforming
(57:29) – Whataboutism
(1:02:32) – Steelmanning
(1:10:08) – How the left argues
(1:20:48) – Diversity, equity, and inclusion
(1:32:39) – Why colleges lean left
(1:40:17) – How the right argues
(1:44:52) – Hate speech
(1:53:39) – Platforming
(2:03:10) – Social media
(2:24:17) – Depression
(2:35:48) – Hope

#397 – Greg Lukianoff: Cancel Culture, Deplatforming, Censorship & Free Speech

James Sexton is a divorce attorney and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/james-sexton-transcript
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PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:01) – Why marriages fail
(30:32) – Sex and fetishes
(39:49) – Breakups
(1:05:35) – Johnny Depp and Amber Heard
(1:25:36) – Complicated divorce cases
(1:32:22) – Cheating with the nanny
(1:34:39) – Relationship advice
(1:43:20) – Cost of divorce
(2:05:11) – Prenups
(2:19:33) – Cheating
(2:27:17) – Open marriages and threesomes
(2:40:05) – Sex and fighting
(3:05:00) – Kevin Costner’s divorce
(3:14:44) – Lying
(3:22:12) – Productivity
(3:30:06) – Jiu Jitsu
(3:38:38) – Sex, love, and marriage

#396 – James Sexton: Divorce Lawyer on Marriage, Relationships, Sex, Lies & Love

Walter Isaacson is an author of biographies on Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Einstein, Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo da Vinci, and many others. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/walter-isaacson-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Walter’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/walter_isaacson
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The Innovators: https://amzn.to/45R8gs4
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PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:42) – Difficult childhood
(27:47) – Jennifer Doudna
(30:44) – Einstein
(36:02) – Tesla
(53:07) – Elon Musk’s humor
(57:17) – Steve Jobs’ cruelty
(1:00:41) – Twitter
(1:12:50) – Firing
(1:15:35) – Hiring
(1:24:38) – Time management
(1:32:22) – Groups vs individuals
(1:36:08) – Mortality
(1:39:40) – How to write
(2:00:38) – Love & relationships
(2:05:33) – Advice for young people

#395 – Walter Isaacson: Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Einstein, Da Vinci & Ben Franklin

Neri Oxman is a designer, engineer, scientist, and artist working on computational design, synthetic biology and digital fabrication, previously at MIT, and now at OXMAN. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/neri-oxman-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Neri’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/nerioxman
OXMAN Website: https://oxman.com/
OXMAN Instagram: https://instagram.com/oxmanofficial
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:06) – Biomass vs anthropomass
(23:27) – Computational templates
(43:42) – Biological hero organisms
(54:42) – Engineering with bacteria
(1:02:59) – Plant communication
(1:16:22) – Albert Einstein letter
(1:19:44) – Beauty
(1:24:40) – Faith
(1:34:26) – Flaws
(1:54:15) – Extinction
(2:05:22) – Alien life
(2:09:12) – Music
(2:10:39) – Movies
(2:15:11) – Advice for young people

#394 – Neri Oxman: Biology, Art, and Science of Design & Engineering with Nature

Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist at Stanford and host of the Huberman Lab Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-huberman-4-transcript
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PODCAST INFO:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(09:42) – Exercise routine
(15:52) – Advice to younger self
(23:07) – Jungian shadow
(27:53) – Betrayal and loyalty
(48:03) – Drama
(1:05:42) – Chimp Empire
(1:10:35) – Overt vs covert contracts
(1:16:42) – Age and health
(1:22:49) – Sexual selection
(1:33:26) – Relationships
(1:45:59) – Fertility
(1:56:25) – Productivity
(2:13:13) – Family

#393 – Andrew Huberman: Relationships, Drama, Betrayal, Sex, and Love

Joscha Bach is a cognitive scientist, AI researcher, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/joscha-bach-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
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Joscha’s Substack: https://substack.com/@joscha
PODCAST INFO:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:26) – Stages of life
(18:48) – Identity
(25:24) – Enlightenment
(31:55) – Adaptive Resonance Theory
(38:42) – Panpsychism
(48:42) – How to think
(56:36) – Plants communication
(1:14:31) – Fame
(1:40:09) – Happiness
(1:47:26) – Artificial consciousness
(1:59:35) – Suffering
(2:04:19) – Eliezer Yudkowsky
(2:11:55) – e/acc (Effective Accelerationism)
(2:17:33) – Mind uploading
(2:28:22) – Vision Pro
(2:32:36) – Open source AI
(2:45:29) – Twitter
(2:52:44) – Advice for young people
(2:55:40) – Meaning of life

#392 – Joscha Bach: Life, Intelligence, Consciousness, AI & the Future of Humans

Mohammed El-Kurd is a Palestinian writer and poet. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/mohammed-el-kurd-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Mohammed’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/m7mdkurd
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Books Mentioned:
The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine (book): https://amzn.to/3K7ZtsE
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(10:41) – Palestine
(35:09) – Hate
(48:40) – Antisemitism
(56:37) – Peace in the Middle East
(1:03:34) – West Bank
(1:13:43) – Hamas
(1:23:31) – Two-state solution
(1:39:21) – Jerusalem
(1:46:04) – Role of the US
(1:47:54) – Ghassan Kanafani
(1:58:39) – 2024 Elections
(1:59:48) – Poetry
(2:09:08) – Language
(2:17:36) – Hope

#391 – Mohammed El-Kurd: Palestine

Yuval Noah Harari is a historian, philosopher, and author of Sapiens, Homo Deus, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, and Unstoppable Us. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/yuval-noah-harari-transcript
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PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:36) – Intelligence
(27:31) – Origin of humans
(37:53) – Suffering
(58:35) – Hitler
(1:17:07) – Benjamin Netanyahu
(1:35:30) – Peace in Ukraine
(1:52:20) – Conspiracy theories
(2:06:59) – AI safety
(2:21:16) – How to think
(2:31:00) – Advice for young people
(2:33:41) – Love
(2:43:50) – Mortality
(2:48:14) – Meaning of life

#390 – Yuval Noah Harari: Human Nature, Intelligence, Power, and Conspiracies

Benjamin Netanyahu is the Prime Minister of Israel. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/benjamin-netanyahu-transcript
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PODCAST INFO:
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Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
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SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:22) – Hate
(14:02) – Judicial reform and protests
(22:38) – AI
(32:40) – Competition
(39:21) – Power and corruption
(46:32) – Peace
(1:01:05) – War in Ukraine
(1:05:01) – Abraham Accords
(1:09:02) – History
(1:13:48) – Survival

#389 – Benjamin Netanyahu: Israel, Palestine, Power, Corruption, Hate, and Peace

George Hotz is a programmer, hacker, and the founder of comma-ai and tiny corp. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/george-hotz-3-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
George’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/realgeorgehotz
George’s Twitch: https://twitch.tv/georgehotz
George’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/georgehotz
Tiny Corp’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/__tinygrad__
Tiny Corp’s Website: https://tinygrad.org/
Comma-ai’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/comma_ai
Comma-ai’s Website: https://comma.ai/
Comma-ai’s YouTube (unofficial): https://youtube.com/georgehotzarchive
Mentioned:
Learning a Driving Simulator (paper): https://bit.ly/42T6lAN
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
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– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:04) – Time is an illusion
(17:44) – Memes
(20:20) – Eliezer Yudkowsky
(32:45) – Virtual reality
(39:04) – AI friends
(46:29) – tiny corp
(59:50) – NVIDIA vs AMD
(1:02:47) – tinybox
(1:14:56) – Self-driving
(1:29:35) – Programming
(1:37:31) – AI safety
(2:02:29) – Working at Twitter
(2:40:12) – Prompt engineering
(2:46:08) – Video games
(3:02:23) – Andrej Karpathy
(3:12:28) – Meaning of life

#387 – George Hotz: Tiny Corp, Twitter, AI Safety, Self-Driving, GPT, AGI & God

Marc Andreessen is the co-creator of Mosaic, co-founder of Netscape, and co-founder of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off
– ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free
– AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 year of Vitamin D and 5 free travel packs
EPISODE LINKS:
Marc’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/pmarca
Marc’s Substack: https://pmarca.substack.com
Marc’s YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/@a16z
Andreessen Horowitz: https://a16z.com
Why AI will save the world (essay): https://a16z.com/2023/06/06/ai-will-save-the-world
Books mentioned:
1. When Reason Goes on Holiday (book): https://amzn.to/3p80b1K
2. Superintelligence (book): https://amzn.to/3N7sc1A
3. Lenin (book): https://amzn.to/43L8YWD
4. The Ancient City (book): https://amzn.to/43GzReb
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
– Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman
– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman
– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(05:01) – Google Search
(12:49) – LLM training
(25:20) – Truth
(31:32) – Journalism
(41:24) – AI startups
(46:46) – Future of browsers
(53:09) – History of browsers
(59:10) – Steve Jobs
(1:13:45) – Software engineering
(1:21:00) – JavaScript
(1:25:18) – Netscape
(1:30:22) – Why AI will save the world
(1:38:20) – Dangers of AI
(2:08:40) – Nuclear energy
(2:20:37) – Misinformation
(2:35:57) – AI and the economy
(2:42:05) – China
(2:46:17) – Evolution of technology
(2:55:35) – How to learn
(3:03:45) – Advice for young people
(3:06:35) – Balance and happiness
(3:13:11) – Meaning of life

#386 – Marc Andreessen: Future of the Internet, Technology, and AI

Jimmy Wales is the co-founder of Wikipedia. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jimmy-wales-transcript
EPISODE LINKS:
Jimmy’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimmy_wales
Jimmy’s Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales
Donate to Wikipedia: https://donate.wikimedia.org
WT.Social: https://wt.social/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
– Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman
– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman
– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(05:10) – Origin story of Wikipedia
(11:14) – Design of Wikipedia
(18:07) – Number of articles on Wikipedia
(24:18) – Wikipedia pages for living persons
(45:11) – ChatGPT
(58:42) – Wikipedia’s political bias
(1:04:46) – Conspiracy theories
(1:17:51) – Facebook
(1:26:09) – Twitter
(1:46:45) – Building Wikipedia
(2:01:18) – Wikipedia funding
(2:12:38) – ChatGPT vs Wikipedia
(2:17:19) – Larry Sanger
(2:22:51) – Twitter files
(2:25:43) – Government and censorship
(2:40:07) – Adolf Hitler’s Wikipedia page
(2:51:49) – Future of Wikipedia
(3:03:51) – Advice for young people
(3:11:13) – Meaning of life

#385 – Jimmy Wales: Wikipedia

Matthew McConaughey is an Oscar-winning actor and author of Greenlights. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Riverside: http://creators.riverside.fm/LEX and use code LEX to get 30% off
– MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off
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EPISODE LINKS:
Matthew’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/McConaughey
Matthew’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/officiallymcconaughey/
Matthew’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@MatthewMcConaughey
Greenlights (book): https://greenlights.com/
Roadtrip (course): https://artoflivinevent.com/roadtrip
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
– Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman
– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman
– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(05:57) – Relationships
(10:44) – Dreams
(22:56) – Fear of death
(34:40) – Overcoming pain
(57:45) – Amazon rainforest
(1:04:29) – AI
(1:17:45) – Truth
(1:25:50) – Ego
(1:33:34) – Dallas Buyers Club
(1:40:03) – True Detective
(1:48:49) – Yellowstone
(1:53:51) – Texas
(1:55:43) – Politics
(2:00:29) – Interstellar
(2:03:26) – Aliens
(2:10:23) – Advice for young people
(2:18:42) – Meaning of life

#384 – Matthew McConaughey: Freedom, Truth, Family, Hardship, and Love

Mark Zuckerberg is CEO of Meta. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Numerai: https://numer.ai/lex
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EPISODE LINKS:
Mark’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/zuck
Mark’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/zuck
Meta AI: https://ai.facebook.com/
Meta Quest: https://www.meta.com/quest/
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
– Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman
– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman
– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(05:38) – Jiu-jitsu competition
(23:01) – AI and open source movement
(35:32) – Next AI model release
(47:48) – Future of AI at Meta
(1:08:25) – Bots
(1:23:53) – Censorship
(1:38:34) – Meta’s new social network
(1:45:20) – Elon Musk
(1:49:25) – Layoffs and firing
(1:56:55) – Hiring
(2:02:48) – Meta Quest 3
(2:09:45) – Apple Vision Pro
(2:16:00) – AI existential risk
(2:22:23) – Power
(2:25:55) – AGI timeline
(2:33:17) – Murph challenge
(2:38:33) – Embodied AGI
(2:41:39) – Faith

#383 – Mark Zuckerberg: Future of AI at Meta, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp

Bert Kreischer is a comedian, actor, and podcaster. Check him out on Bertcast, 2 Bears 1 Cave, Something is Burning, and the new movie The Machine. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
– Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings
– NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour
– ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free
EPISODE LINKS:
Bert’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/bertkreischer/
Bert’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/bertkreischer
Bert’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bertkreischer
Bert’s Website: https://bertbertbert.com/
2 Bears 1 Cave: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-i3EV1v5hLeT91DuXckUf6tsbMfLgZno
Books mentioned:
Life of the Party (book): https://amzn.to/42lHjKg
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman
YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips
SUPPORT & CONNECT:
– Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast
– Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
– Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman
– Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman
– LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman
– Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman
– Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman
OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(05:08) – Hemingway
(08:34) – Putin
(11:53) – Churchill
(14:15) – Kim Jong Un
(16:15) – Drinking with Joe Rogan and Tom Segura
(24:42) – Father
(28:33) – Shirtless
(30:38) – Tom Segura
(41:27) – Joe Rogan
(44:16) – Dating advice
(52:24) – Key to success
(1:02:36) – Sleep and working out
(1:11:51) – History podcasts
(1:17:15) – Road trips
(1:23:46) – Beer
(1:33:14) – Exercise
(1:38:56) – Life of the Party
(1:46:39) – Drinking
(2:05:11) – Greatest comedian of all time
(2:07:59) – Advice for young people